Abstract: HPLC was applied for the determination of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, 2-furaldehyde and 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde in hydrothermal carbonization solution of camellia oleifera shells. The solution was separated on a Thermo ODS chromatographic column, with a mixture of methanol and water as mobile phase for gradient elution. DAD detector was used with the detection wavelength of 285 nm. Linear relationships were found between the peak areas and the mass concentrations of the 3 furfurals in definite ranges. The detection limits (3S/N) of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, 2-furaldehyde and 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde were 0.02, 0.005, 0.02 mg·L-1, respectively, and the lower limits of determination (10S/N) were 0.04, 0.02, 0.05 mg·L-1, respectively. Recovery rates obtained by standard addition method were in the ranges of 74.9%-101%, 94.5%-109% and 98.6%-112%, respectively, and RSDs were less than 10%.