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    牛奶中碳、氮、氢和氧稳定同位素比的测定及其在产地溯源分析中的应用

    Determination of δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, δ18O in Milk and Its Application to Discrimination of Their Producing Areas

    • 摘要: 应用元素分析-同位素质谱仪(EA-IRMS)和多用途气体制备-连续流稳定同位素质谱仪(GasBench-IRMS)分别测定了来自国内外7个不同国家(澳大利亚、新西兰、西班牙、德国、奥地利、意大利和中国)的83件牛奶样品中碳、氮、氢、氧的稳定同位素比值(δ13C、δ15N、δ2H和δ18O)。对所测得的数据用SPSS 20.0软件分别进行了方差分析、聚类分析以及牛奶产地的判别分析。从所得结果可见,上述4项稳定同位素比值中的每一项都可获得相关牛奶样品产地来源的若干信息,但还不足以作为相关牛奶样品的溯源地判别的充分依据。而将测试结果进行组合后,对δ13C、δ15N和δ2H三项指标组合交叉检验整体判别正确率达到84.3%,据此采用3项组合指标对牛奶产地进行判别分析,并在此项组合指标的基础上建立了产自7个国家的牛奶的判别模型。对自来这7个不同国家的牛奶盲样进行判别时,可将所测得样品中上述3项稳定同位素的δ值代入所建立的模型中,并比较各模型所得的Y值的大小,其中Y值最大的,即归属于此模型所代表的国家。

       

      Abstract: Instruments of elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-IRMS) and GasBench-isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GasBench-IRMS) were used in the determination of ratios of stable isotopes of carbon, nitroge, hydrogen and oxygen (abbrev. as δ13C、δ15N、δ2H and δ18O respectively) in 83 milk samples collected from 7 different countries of the world (namely. Australia, New Zealand, Spain, Germany, Austria, Italy and China). And by using the software of SPSS 20.0, the data of δ of the 4 elements obtained were sudied chemometrically by variance analysis, clustering analysis and discriminate analysis for the producing area of the milk samples. It was found from the testing results that some valuable informations relating to the producing source of the milk samples were obtained from each of the δ values of the 4 elements, however it was still not a sound base for discrimination of the producing area of the milk samples. It was shown by the results of further investigation, the correctness of discrimination was significantly raised to a value of 84.3% by a combinatorial study of the data of δ13C、δ15N and δ2H, and discrimination of the producing area of milk samples could be attained more effectively. Furthermore, mathematical models for discrimination of producing areas among the 7 countries were also established on the base of the δ-values of the 3 isotopic elements. In discrimination of unknown samples from the 7 countries, the isotopic ratios of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen were determined and the data obtained were substituted into the discrimination models to give values of Y, among which the one with largest Y value was qualified belonging to the country designated by the model.

       

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