Abstract: Based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-QTOFMS), the extraction effect of headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and simultaneous distillation on volatile components in Amomum villosum was compared. After quartering and sieving, the sample was extracted by simultaneous distillation and by HS-SPME with equilibrium temperature of 50 ℃ under time of equilibriun and extraction of 5, 50 min, respectively, then analyzed by GC×GC-QTOFMS. Softwares of SIMCA 14.1 and SPSS17.0 were used for PCA-DA and OPLS-DA, to confirm the ability of the above 2 methods to identify origin and batch, as well as distinguish their differential components. As found by results, 162, 178 kinds of volatile components were detected by HS-SPME and simultaneous distillation, respectively. The terpenoids and alkenes detected by HS-SPME were significantly higher than those detected by simultaneous distillation. The components with relative content greater than 1.00% (calculated by the area normalization method) were basically the same. In the PCA-DA analysis, HS-SPME had stronger ability to identify the origin and batch. In the OPLS-DA analysis, 22 differential components could be screened to distinguish between the 2 methods, among which α-terpineol, α-bisabolol and α-bergamot were extremely significant differential components.