Abstract: New drug crime had become a prominent issue of global public security. As a new type of drugs, it was becoming a serious problem in manufacturing, smuggling and abuse of fentanyl compounds all over the world. Based on this, the types and structure characteristics, metabolism and toxicity in vivo, pretreatment methods and determination methods of fentanyl compounds were reviewed, and a prospect was given about the development trend of its determination methods in future (34 ref. cited).