Abstract: The two medicine parts of Inula lineariifolia (IL) were cut separately, washed with water, dried, and then crushed. The crude powder was passed through 0.25 mm sieve, an aliquot (0.02 g) was placed into 20 mL-headspace flask and heated at 120℃ for 30 min. The volatile components obtained were entered into gas chromatograph, separated on DB-5 chromatographic column under programmed temperature conditions, and detected by mass spectrometer with an electron impact ion source. Retention time and fragmentation ion peaks were applied to qualitative analysis, and the peak area normalization was adopted for quantitative analysis. It was shown that 46 (for stem and leaf), 30 (for flower) volatile components were identified from different medicine parts of IL, which peak area accounted for 71.11% and 99.98% of that of the total volatile components, respectively. Different medicine parts of IL had 8 common volatile components and 22, 38 unique volatile components, respectively. The volatile components of the stem and leaf consisted 13 olefins, 5 acids, 4 alcohols, 9 aldehydes, 7 alkanes, 2 aromatic hydrocarbons, 3 esters, 2 ketones and 1 others, which relative content (%, the same below) was 18.11%, 17.32%, 12.16%, 8.76%, 4.05%, 0.41%, 0.80%, 0.32%, 9.18%, respectively. The volatile components of the flower consisted 18 lefins, 2 alcohols, 5 aldehydes, 2 aromatic hydrocarbons and 3 others, which relative content was 52.67%, 29.35%, 11.50%, 2.07%, 4.39%. The relative content of the active ingredient olefins was comparatively high in different medicine parts, and the variety and relative content differed considerably. However, eucalyptol, valencene, (-)-alloaromadendrene and γ-maalinenee, which relative content was greater than 2.00%, had pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory or anti-tumor effects, indicating that the two medicine parts of IL were of high value for application.