Abstract: The molecularly imprinted polymer could specifically enrich the target compounds from the sample solution, which had been widely used in the extraction and detection of pesticides in food including cereals, fruits and vegetables, and in the environment including water and soil. The molecularly imprinted fluorescent probe formed by combining molecular imprinting technology and quantum dot modification technology could achieve high-sensitivity and rapid detection of the target compounds. Therefore, the principle, preparation method and application of molecular imprinting technology were summarized, and the application and prospect of quantum dot-modified molecularly imprinted fluorescent probe in pesticide detection were further elaborated.