Abstract: Bismuth-based photoelectric materials had unique electronic structure, crystal structure and good visible light response, which had attracted great attention in the research of chemical sensors in recent years. The preparation and doping modification methods, photoelectric characteristics and influencing factors of bismuth-based photoelectric materials including bismuth oxide, bismuth sulfide, binary metal oxide containing bismuth, bismuth oxyhalide and bismuth multicomponent composites were reviewed. The applications of chemical sensors based on bismuth composite materials in environmental pollution monitoring, food safety testing and biological analysis were summarized. The research prospect of bismuth-based photoelectric material chemical sensors was prospected (74 ref. cited).