Abstract: Aiming at the characteristics of sparse prior of high-dimensional small samples data and signals in near infrared spectroscopy, a method for the establishment of quantitative analysis model of gentiopicroside in Gentiana macrophylla by wavelet transform (WT) with orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) was proposed. According to Kennard-Stone method, 204 Gentiana macrophylla samples were divided into 153 calibration set samples and 51 testing set samples at ratio of 3∶1. Fourier transform near infrared spectrometer was used to collect the near infrared spectra of samples, and WT was used to pretreat the original near infrared spectra data. The wavelet basis function was Daubechies (db5), the wavelet decomposition layer was 5, and the wavelet threshold value was 0.1. The OMP was used to establish the quantitative analysis model of gentiopicroside. As shown by the results, the prediction performance of this model was good. The determination coefficient of calibration set (R_C²) was 0.994 0, and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) was 0.081 9. The determination coefficient of testing set (R_P²) was 0.985 4, and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.112 4. The proposed model was used to analyze 204 Gentiana macrophylla samples, and the predicted values of gentiopicroside were basically consistent with the reference values.