Abstract: The structure and principle of electrochemical immunosensors were briefly introduced, and the signal amplification strategies of nanomaterials were reviewed in detail from four aspects including electrical conductivity enhancement, signal molecule enrichment, antibody increasing and catalytic signal amplification. The functional properties and signal amplification principle of various nanomaterials, including graphene nanomaterials, metal nanomaterials, porous nanomaterials, magnetic nanomaterials and metal compound nanomaterials, were analyzed emphatically. Then the detections of analytes in different fields by electrochemical immunosensors based on the signal amplification strategy of nanomaterials were summarized. The current problems of electrochemical immunosensors based on nanomaterials were presented and the opportunity for their future development was prospected (79 ref. cited).