Abstract: Heavy metal pollution poses a serious threat to human health and ecosystem security, and achieving simple and rapid detection of heavy metals is the key to effectively monitoring the pollution situation. Compared with natural enzymes, nanoenzymes have advantages such as stable activity and low cost. Colorimetric sensors based on nanoenzymes have attracted widespread attention from many scholars and have gradually become one of the common methods for the detection of heavy metals. Therefore, the principle and colorimetric methods of colorimetric sensors, classification of nanoenzyme materials and their enzyme-like activities were briefly summarized. The research progress of nanoenzyme colorimetric sensors for heavy metal detection was reviewed, and challenges faced and future development directions in their practical applications were also presented (70 ref. cited).