Abstract: To simultaneously and efficiently detect the total components of cigarette mainstream smoke, a self-made activated carbon adsorption tube was used, and the method mentioned by the title was proposed and applied to the detection of 3R4F reference cigarettes. Cigarettes were smoked with a rotary smoking machine, using Cambridge filter with a diameter of 92 mm to trap the particulate matter of the mainstream smoke, and the vapor portion passing through the filter was trapped using the self-made activated carbon adsorption tube （containing 0.5 g of activated carbon）. After suction of the cigarette, the adsorption tubes and filters were collected and rinsed with dichloromethane, and isopropanol solution containing 2 g·L⁻¹ of isobutyl acetate, isobutyl caproate, ethyl undecanoate, and ethyl heptadecanoate （internal standards） was added. The mixture was extracted for 30 min by oscillation, and the upper layer was filtered out and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Unknown components detected were qualitatively identified through deconvolution followed by NIST mass spectral library searches, and further confirmed by retention index （RI） comparison. As shown by the results, this method could effectively achieve complete trapping of total components of cigarettes mainstream smoke, accurately identifying 257 components in total, including 65 vapor phase components, 105 particle phase components, and 87 organic vapor phase （coexisting vapor and particle phase） components. The semi-quantitative analysis results for 251 compounds showed RSDs （n=6） were not more than 10%. A quantitative analysis method was established for 19 representative smoke components （including vapor, particle, and organic vapor phase components）. Linear relationships between the peak area ratios of 19 representative smoke components to the internal standards and mass concentrations of 19 representative smoke components were found in definite ranges, with detection limits（3S/N） in the range of 3.3−22.4 ng per cigarette. Test for recovery was made by the standard addition method, giving the results in the range of 79.0%−115%, with RSDs （n=6, intra-day and inter-day precision） less than 10%.