Abstract: To investigate the quality control method for banxia xiexin decoction (BXD) material benchmark, the title study was conducted. With 15 batches of BXD material benchmarks as research object, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints were established, and common peaks were identified by comparing with reference fingerprint. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2012.130723 edition) was used for similarity evaluation. Ginsengs in 15 batches of BXD material benchmarks were qualitatively identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Chemometrics methods including cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to find the main difference components affecting the quality. It was shown that HPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of BXD material benchmarks except ginsengs were established, and 21 common peaks were obtained. And 11 components (adenosine, uridine, guanosine, baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, berberine hydrochloride, palmatine hydrochloride, epiberberine, 6-gingerol and ammonium glycyrrhizinate) were identified, and the similarity was greater than 0. 900. Qualitative identification by TLC of ginsenosides Rg₁, Rb₁, Re and Rf were shown good consistency. 15 batches of BXD material benchmarks were divided into 4 categories by CA, PCA and OPLS-DA. 3 principal components were obtained by PCA, with cumulative variance contribution rate of 85. 598%. 12 difference components with large contribution rate to overall quality of BXD material benchmarks were obtained by OPLS-DA, including wogonin, palmatine hydrochloride, ammonium glycyrrhizinate and 9 unknown substances, respectively belonging to scutellaria baicalensis, rhizoma coptis and liquorice, which were indicated that the above 3 kinds of decoction pieces had a great effect on quality of BXD material benchmarks.