Abstract: Components of volatile oil of Curcuma rhizoma were separated and identified by head-space solid phase micro-extraction and GC-MS in hyphenation, and their relative contents (in %) were found by the method of normalization. Totally 64 compounds were separated among which 57 compounds were identified and determined, amounting to 98.02% of the total peak areas of the components of the volatile oil. The main compounds found with their relative contents were as follows: β-elemene (18.73%), β-elemenone (11.03%), curdione (8.47%) and γ-elemene (6.79%).