Abstract: The chemical components in volatile oil of the leaves of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium var.spinifolium (a kind of chinese prickly ash) were studied in this paper.A combined method of distillation with solvent extraction was used for the separation and collection of the components from the leaf sample.Identification was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.67 components were separated and 37 components were identified in the oil,among them,the major components were the terpenoids and its derivatives,including 19.31% of limonene,1526% of linalool and 13.60% of sabinene.