Abstract: X-ray diffraction was applied to the rapid screening of refractory materials containing zirconia fiber, and polarizing microscope was applied for further confirmation. Influential factors, including the scanning rate, emission slit and diffraction angle were discussed. The optimized experimental conditions were found as follows: scanning rate of 2°·min-1, emission slit of 2 mm and diffraction angle of 30°. The proposed method was feasible to be used in the rapid qualitative analysis of refractory materials containing zirconia fiber.