Abstract: Black rice pigment was extracted ultrasonically and separated by HPLC, and structures of the components were identified by infrared spectroscopy and electron spray ionization mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Two anthocyanidins were separated, which were found to be cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside with their relative contents of 15.20% and 39.60% respectively, as identified and determined by primary MS and secondary MS.